Child Soldier Issue in Sudan, Uganda and Central African Republic Research Paper

Child Soldier Issue in Sudan, Uganda and Central African Republic - Research Paper Example The need to be able to earn a livelihood and support one's family in terms of earning mere amounts of money for younger siblings or suffering parents made many children become part of the worldwide child soldier community. The reasons that may thus prompt a child to become a child soldier may be the thought to support a poor family, separation from family or child running away due to unfavorable living circumstances, children displaced from their homes, children living in war zones, and children who may have little or no access to education. Orphans and children from refugee camps all over the world become acute targets of being enrolled as child soldiers as well. Owing to all the above mentioned possibilities it may we be assessed that social and economic pressures are the main key behind this grave issue. Children whose families live in warzones may have lost any of their close family member and resultantly may aim to avenge this incident by adopting to becoming a child soldier the mselves. "UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan has condemned child soldiering as a â€Å"damaging and despicable practice† (Child Soldiers, 13) Feelings of uncertainty and insecurity prevail in underdeveloped societies. Families see their and their children's' survival only if they'd be equipped with arms and would be trained to fight for their rights no matter to whatever extent of training it may involve. In addition to all this the providing of free food, clothing and lodging for their children and security are also a very attractive incentives for them. Societal issues are also a major trigger of increasing number child soldier recruitments. For underdeveloped societies where the countries are in a state of unrest it is not uncommon for young children to have lost a single or both parents and to get caught at the hands of the child hunting mafia to get eventually ending up as a militia's recruit. At times the elders purposely brainwash their children and convince them to willi ngly become militants so as to boost their fighting force against their potential enemies. The Concept In certain societal adverse circumstances children may be forced to join armed forces. If they resist they may be threatened to be killed.("Why do Children Become Soldiers?",n.p.). Child soldiers are not part of mainly the official armies of nations but are rather recruited on a regular basis by armed political groups who need fresh blood, conveniently replaceable, potentially harmless and energetic individuals at a very rapid rate. The numbers of recruits are in tens and thousands and their recruitments are both legal and forcible. As a part of their training these poor recruits are subject to all kinds of non-ethical behaviors such as rape, violence, hard labor and other forms of exploitation as well as being trained to use all sorts of weapons under the harshest of survival conditions. ("Child Soldiers" 13) The experiencing of harsh and violent conditions at one's own hands and at such a trivial age of being below eighteen results at the undermining of humanity in the child's conscience. The resultant is that these child soldiers become

Ethical Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethical Issues - Essay Example Society of Professional Journalists 2). With each of these, there are more particular codes that need to be followed by journalists. Thus, violations of ethics and guidelines led to various ethical issues that journalism profession is facing today. This paper aims to discuss two ethical issues in journalism, which include bribery and extortion. Bribery and Extortion According to the Center for International Media and Assistance (CIMA), bribery and extortion are considered as the most crucial issue in journalism (Nyaira 300). Bribery means the act of accepting or offering some benefits either cash or kind to a certain employee or public servant. In journalism, it is called envelopmental journalism or accepting bribes in exchange for favorable media coverage. On the other hand, extortion is related to bribery, but the only difference is that extortion is the act of obtaining something like money by force or blackmail (Shava 4). Examples of Bribery An editor of a famous newspaper public ation accepted money from a government official who committed corruption. The money serves a bribe instead of exposing the official’s wrongdoing; the editor wrote some accomplishments and projects done by the official to cover corruption issue. In this case the editor is not fair, honest, and accurate. Most of all, the editor did not act independently, which is a violation of ethics. ... Examples of Extortion According to a report, Zimbabwe journalists already disregard ethics since their government already controls what news to write and how to write them. They are forced to do so since their lives are threatened. Politicians only speak to those media outlets they support (Shava). As a consequence, journalists no longer comply with principles of accuracy, fairness, and honesty in writing news stories since they are writing articles based on what is being instructed. Conclusion Ethics is very important in every profession. Journalism as one of the noble careers also has set of ethical principles which need to followed. However, not all journalists sincerely follow the principles of accuracy, fairness, and honesty as it affected by several reasons. Bribery and extortion have become the most crucial ethical issues in journalism. Journalists voluntarily accept bribes in exchange for favorable media, which is called bribery and others like in Zimbabwe, are forced to do s o since they are threatened by politicians. Ethical Issues in Advertising Advertising refers â€Å"to any paid form of personal or non-personal presentation of promotional ideas, products or services by the use of media like TV, radio, magazines, newspapers etc by an identified person† (Kaptan 8). According to Yeshin, advertising is essential because it helps the people to select a particular product. Since it has a great impact on consumer behaviour, advertising like other fields also has a set of ethical standards, which need to be followed. Businesses need to be honest, fair, and straightforward in advertising products or services (American Advertising Federation 4). Violations of these will lead people to wrong direction. Nevertheless, not all companies

Consumers Decision: Imitate Foreign Brands

Consumers Decision: Imitate Foreign Brands 1.1 Introduction Nowadays, many businesses have launched in the market. But its not easy to make appreciate for every people. Maybe, that is a reason of the customer decision. While, the student is part of purchasing power that the trader directed. Consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals make decision to spend their available resources on consumption-related item(SchiffmanKanuk, 1997). In University the product is important for the student. While, the product not cover all student because maybe the teenager choose the product follow the life style that their love. So, the product have more effected to decision purchasing with the student in teen ages. Specially, the foreign brand is trust brand that have support purchasing power by the customer. In Global setting, every product have evaluated and developed all time for customer need that is heart of competition in a commercial sale. The most people have selected the product follow several factor. So, the companies will be improving your products. Otherwise, the customers that have purchasing power can be change to other royalty brand. The better they understand the factors underlying consumer behaviour (Assael, 1998). The better able they are developing effective marketing strategies to meet consumer needs. In National setting, the several factor to make a purchase. Its reason to consider for trader to select product that sales and support. The several factor have effect to making a purchase (Scheinberg, 1992) such as marketing strategies, sex, ages, occupation, prices and also the product name have a reputation values. The last factor is important to study that why the brand name have effected to customer decision. Locally, the product names have a reputation values is the trust brand. The product that sale for student in business bachelor administration for Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi will be in trends to response their customer in this age. This study concern with the behaviour in making a purchase that Brand is what consumers purchase and product is what consumers use; this shows that branding is very important. The brand name is the trust brands that have effected to make a purchase. Present, student cant said that dont love their brand name and specially, the foreign brand is part factor to making a purchase. Even though, the trust brand has copyright infringement but the student will buy for owner that products. May be, the lower prices and closer style of real band are instead in using. Follow the plaza, student would like to view every week and someone choose to owner. While, the real trust band name from foreign in the Leading department stores have student only high purchasing power that only few percentage. All of behaviour from student in business bachelor administration for Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi is thing to study for know the reason why their choosing. Consumers make many buying decisions every day (Kotler Armstrong, 2001). Most large companys research consumer buying decisions in great detail to answer question about what consumers buy where they but, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy. 1.2 Statement of the Problem Foreign brands are expensive for students. Quality of product imitates. The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them. The personality of the customers. 1.3 Research Objective The objective of the study is to meet the answers of the problem; Foreign brands are expensive for students. Quality of product imitates. The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them. The personality of the customers. The answer to the problem is as follow: To find out how the price of foreign brand products and imitations of them influence decision making. To find out how the quality of foreign brand products and imitations of them influence decision making. To find out how the social value of foreign brand products and imitations of them influence decision making. To find out the supplement personality of foreign brand products and imitations of them influence decision making. . 1.4 Scope of research The scope of this research is the population studying at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. This includes males and females aged 18-25 years old of 11 different faculties totalling approximately 24,053 people. (http://www.oreg.rmutt.ac.th/SKOStdCourse/2552/report%203-2.asp) The sample in this study was students from the faculty of Business Administration, University of Technology Rajamangala Thanyaburi. This faculty has seven branches including both men and women aged 19-25 years who make a purchases by themselves; a total of 6,299 people. The variables studied: Independent variables are students gender, age, department of study and the year of study. Dependent variable is the attitude toward buying foreign brand products (price, quality, brand names and value.) 1.5 Limitations of the Research We acquired this information by sending questionnaires to students at Rajamangala University of Technology Thunyaburi; this includes both men and women. One of the limitations of this study is, if a sample of students does not send the questionnaire back to the researcher, or if they send it back incomplete. Another limitation is the amount of time we have is to send the survey to the students, receive the information and calculate the received information. 1.6 Significance of the study This research is a study of factors that influence behaviour of students (of business administration at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi) when buying product imitated foreign brands. The findings of this study will help those interested in doing business foreign or interested in operating foreign brands companies by determining marketing strategies to suit the needs of target customers. 1.7 Definition of Terms Foreign brands are expensive for students. The students will receive the money from their parent. So, they dont have money to buy foreign brands product. Quality of product imitates. Continually, imitates products quality have very good quality compare to foreign brand products, so there is a choice for students who has limited their money and want to use same brand but good quality. The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them. Following the student social in university, the students want to be in trend of fashion for concept from their friends. The personality of the customers. Some students, they dont have confident in themselves. So, the students will use the product from foreign brands to help them have more confident. CHAPTER II Review of related literature and studies 2.1 Definition and Features of the Independent Variable In this chapter, discusses the title of research. Because this research is relevant to consumers: students of business administration at Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi. So, need to know the meaning of consumer behaviour on buying for study factors affecting the decision of the students. Consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals make decision to spend their available resources on consumption-related item. It includes the study of what they buy, why they buy it, when they buy it, where they buy it, how often they buy it, and how often they use it (Schiffman Kanuk, 1997). The aim of marketing is to meet and satisfy target customers needs and want. The field of consumer behaviour studies how consumer select, buy, use, and dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (Kotler, 2003). Marketers have come to realize that their effectiveness in meeting consumer needs directly influences their profitability. The better they understand the factors underlying consumer behaviour. The better able they are developing effective marketing strategies to meet consumer needs (Assael, 1998). Consumers make many buying decisions every day. Most large companys research consumer buying decisions in great detail to answer question about what consumers buy where they but, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy (KotlerArmstrong, 2001). Possibly the most challenging concept in marketing deals with understanding why buyers do what they do. But such knowledge is critical for marketers since having a strong understanding of buyer behaviour will on what is important to the consumer and also suggest the important influences on consumer decision-making. Using this information, marketers can create marketing programs that they believe will be of interest to consumers (Kanhasiri, 2006) In addition to this, also need to know meaning of the word imitate foreign brands. Imitate foreign brands means the product copy as products of a foreign brand. Popular products make copy are bags, watches, clothes, and shoes. The imitate foreign brands products that we know and see often in everywhere are Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Nike, Christian Dior, Gucci and etc (Kanhasiri, 2006 ). 2.2 Theories Related to the Independent Variable (s) 2.2.1 Foreign brands are expensive for students. Prices, product differentiation and quality measurement: a comparison between hedonic and matched model methods studied by Gian Maria Tomat (2005); related contributions to Pakes, Berry and Levinsohn (1993) and Nevo (2003) consider the problem of making exact welfare comparisons on the basis of the estimated parameters of consumer preferences in a discrete choice model. This approach has been used in these works to study problems such as the effect on consumer welfare of changes in environmental regulation or of the introduction of a new brand of a product. Specifying the consumers choice problem in the space of product characteristics, simplifies the analysis in comparison with analogous problems studied on the grounds of traditional demand theory, as is done for example in works by Hausman. However, the results of the prices, product differentiation and quality measurement: a comparison between hedonic and matched model methods studies show that the approach can at most generate up per and lower bounds to the true price indexes and the empirical evidence shows that these bounds are usually quite wide. 2.2.2 Quality of product imitates. From Quantity-Discount Dependent Consumer Preferences and Competitive Non-linear Pricing studied by Z. Jane Gu and Sha Yang (2009); they investigated the quantity-discount effect, a type of transaction utility consumers derived from the unit price difference between a small and a large package size of the same product in a non-linear pricing environment. Consumers may perceive quantity discounts as gains for purchasing larger package sizes with lower unit prices, or as losses for purchasing smaller package sizes with higher unit prices. In addition, consumers may differ in their tendencies to perceive quantity discounts as gains or losses. 2.2.3 The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them. Post-Materialism as a Cultural Factor Influencing Entrepreneurial Activity across Nations studied by Lorraine M. Uhlaner, Roy Thurik and Jan Hutjes(2002); the underlying premise of this research study is that the material gains that are central or crucial to entrepreneurial activity are of less value to post-materialist individuals. The Research by McGrath, MacMillan and Scheinberg (1992) shows that individual entrepreneurs from a wide variety of countries are more likely to have materialistic values; such as viewing success as making lots of money, than their non-entrepreneur counterparts. However, they do not test for country differences. Blais and Toulouse (1998) made such comparisons and conclude that entrepreneurs across countries tend to have similar motivations. In another studied of individual entrepreneurs Robichaud, McGraw and Roger (2001) find a positive correlation between extrinsic motivation of the entrepreneur and sales performance whereas they find negative relationsh ips between the independent variables, intrinsic motivation and autonomy and independence on the one hand and the dependent variable, sales performance, on the other. These findings are interesting because at the micro-level they correspond to the thesis that entrepreneurs, especially successful ones, are more materialistic than their counterparts. Lacking comparable research at the macro level of analysis, we can only draw on these studies for our hypotheses. In particular, assuming that trends from the micro level can be aggregated to the societal level, we predict that the relationship between post-materialism and entrepreneurship is also negative, i.e., the less materialistic the culture, the fewer people choose to become self-employed. The central hypothesis of the present paper then reads: The more post-materialistic the culture, the lower the overall level of entrepreneurship. 2.2.4 The personality of the customers. Consumer Assessment of Social Product Features: An Empirical Investigation Using Choice Experiments by Pat Auger, Timothy M. Devinney and Jordan J. Louviere studied the growing importance of this topic can be seen in the current movement toward social accountability audits (Economist 1999), and the increasing amounts of money that corporations spend to fix systems under pressure from increasingly sophisticated interest groups. Their research is relevant to this issue because it shows that although consumers do not understand the ethical dimensions of the products they purchase, their purchases can be influenced by these dimensions if properly presented. From a managerial perspective, more work needs to be done on educating consumers to the hidden ethical nature of the products they purchase. Corporations also need to understand which customers care about ethical dimensions and what dimensions they care about. However, our results also suggest that consumers wont sacrifice product per formance for ethical considerations in spite of what activists might hope. 2.3 Critical Analysis/Discussion of the Theories Related to the Independent Variable Motivation Theory 2.3.1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs; (Abraham Maslow,1908-1970) Abraham Maslow was a psychologist. He developed a theory called the Hierarchy of Needs. This hierarchy referred to the various needs that he believed characterised humans. He identified five main human needs. These are: Physiological needs These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need water, air, food and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met. Security Needs These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighborhoods and shelter from the environment. Social Needs These include needs for belonging, love and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as involvement in social, community or religious groups. Esteem Needs After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. Self-actualizing Needs This is the highest level of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. Figure 1 Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Maslow suggested that the first need dominates a persons behavior until it is satisfied, and then the second, and so on. A learner would not be interested in learning, need 5, until needs 3 or 4; belonging and being esteemed by others had been satisfied. Nor indeed, would they be interested in learning until they were warm, and replete. A light, airy, warm, comfortable safe learning environment, adequate comfort breaks and realistic timings can help to facilitate these conditions. An awareness of, and proactive approach to, group dynamics will also help to satisfy (or at least not de-satisfy) some of the affiliation and esteem needs. (Abraham Maslow, 1908-1970) (Source:http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Maslows_Needs_Hierarchy.html) 2.3.2 Clayton Alderfers ERG Theory; (Clayton Alderfer, 1969) An attempt to simplify Maslows needs theory was put forward by psychologist Clayton Alderfer with his ERG theory. Both theories see needs as the motivating force behind behaviour. People are motivated to do things by different needs, of which Alderfer identified three: Existence Needs Include all material and physiological desires (e.g., food, water, air, clothing, safety, physical love and affection) Maslows first two levels. Relatedness Needs Encompass social and external esteem; relationships with significant others like family, friends, co-workers and employers. This also means to be recognized and feel secure as part of a group or family. Maslows third and fourth levels. Growth Needs Internal esteem and self actualization; these impel a person to make creative or productive effects on himself and the environment (e.g., to progress toward ones ideal self). Maslows fourth and fifth levels. This includes desires to be creative and productive, and to complete meaningful tasks. Figure 2 Clayton Alderfers ERG Theory Alderfer argued that it was possible to move in either direction. This means that, if growth needs become difficult or impossible to meet, frustration regression occurs, causing individuals to concentrate on fulfilling their relatedness and their existence needs. Unsatisfied needs, therefore, become less rather than more important. Maslow proposed the opposite. In this study the researchers used two theories are Maslows Theory (Maslows hierarchy of needs) and Clayton Alderfers ERG Theory are main formulated in this study (Clayton Alderfer, 1969). (Source: http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/ERG_Theory.html) 2.4 Discussion of the Dependent Variable The price of products have effected to making decision. In addition, Arthur Rafael (2002) found When the new product launches and better quality also this product will be compared to increase price. While, Aart Jaume (2000) said that When the products have high demand so the products prices that will be increase on demand also Ray (2002) found Business will find the ways to avoid the problem to improve the popular product and harder to imitate for decrease their risk as a result Amine, Taimur Joseph (2007) supported Vendors will be developing price products to get the popularity may be the consumers using pirated goods in fact Gian (2006) said that The price is appropriate adjustments so the product will be popular Increasing then Xavier Giround (2008) found The quality prices will be changed follow the quality products in the past Laszlo Miklos (2004) stated The import product price will be rise follow depend on the technology and competitive environment of the buyer. On the other hand, Joanna (2006) found The analysis of price convergence to the consumer market is examined on aggregate and disaggregates levels although Peter, Judith Anil (2002) stated The decision purchas e of consumer will depend on price by the lower price also the purchasing power that so rise. Finally, Emek (2005) supported The quantity the price of a low-cost have more effected to consumer decision. The quality of product imitates have effected to making decision when, Wong Zhou (2005) found perceived value has a greater effect on purchase intention for conspicuous foreign products While, Heflin, Shaw Wild found The liquidity of equity markets depends on quality information and Faruq (2006) found RD activities and FDI inflows are important determinants of quality then Sharma found The brand must be relevant to a latent need of the consumer but Jin Leslie (2002) found Providing people with better information causes people to change their purchase decisions and causes  ¬Ã‚ rms to modify their behaviour while Orosel Zauner (2003) found goods quality is unobservable to buyers, a continuum of quality levels is technologically feasible, and minimum quality is supplied under competitive conditions although Koppius Heck(2002) found Electronic auctions have rapidly increase d in popularity, but the consequences of switching to an electronic auction are unclear Moreover Borin Lamieri (2008) found empirical studies over clear evidence on the increasing importance of intra-industry trade in presence of vertically deferential products however Matsa (2009) found Product quality is an important element of competition in a wide range of markets, including the supermarket industry in addition Bertini, Wathieu Iyengar (2010) found parsimony and simplicity in consumption is necessarily advantageous across all categories of business The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them have effected to making decision then, Mehrotra (1919) found collect various technical information about managing your tax affairs and mergers and acquisitions, tax law and the special rights or intellectual property rights and the idea of the American company. Each other based on principles of law and political economy of the country. while Closius (1995) said that the termination of the movement of certain groups of people in America with a change to the political policy of national unification and the creation of justice to occur and create social awareness to the public more than ever Moreover Kyvelidis (2001) stated that Measure currents in the Black Socialist materialism may be obtained from the GDP of each country, which evaluates the value per head was increased from the current popularity with the increasing materialism. After that Anderson (2001) has found that satisfaction in materialism is one of the psychological problems that make people in society are trying to do everything to get it occupied, such as car, house and fashion. And Boven (2005) study that most people want to live well and happily in every person and found that materialism, such as the car home fashion is important to create happiness for them very good. However, Uhlaner, Thurik, Hutjes (2002) supports that found that entrepreneurs across countries tend to find a way to trade against the competition in trade and create stability for themselves as to dominate the growing market and found that many of the cultural factors and materialism of the people affected. In addition Fuchs said that the theories of cultural objects are important factors correlated with the values of people in society. Therefore Sarkar(1996) found the role of men is to purchase goods and Research indicates that attitudes in the possession of materialism rather than value of the object with the purchase of such products used in life Which led to satisfaction and success of many people. As a result of Kroh (2008) discovered that the role of the purchases is likely to change the price level and economic security but Boven, Campbell Gilovich(2005) the study found that current flow in the materialism in society more selfish, selfish private interests over public. The personality of the customers have effected to making decision when, Devinney Louviere (1986) study that of interpersonal psychology, ethics and personality have been shown correlated with the number of complex social problems. While Rajagopol (1986) found that of the model to measure the performance of brands and attitudes, including personalities, image, reputation and trust. But Balaji a Raghavan (1970) discovered that Cultures and different image for the product of themes related to technology and brand reputation. Therefore Pandey (1968) found that Experiment designed to examine the role and relevance of the personality of the person. Found that the advertisement or communication program plays an important role in the perception of brand personality although Bartholomew Horowitz (1994) study that Changes in market and competition has reduced the cost of marketing and new product introductions, including the risk of failure of the product. Thus Sharma (1997) supports that w e also found that consumer ratings of management performance in the context of consumer retail low but Zhenzhong Ma (1970) found that Aims to create understanding about the local brand can survive. In fact Mckenzie Woodruff (1964) study that present the basic concepts for exploring the relationship between personality and patterns of conflict behavior and business negotiations. Then Koufopoulos (1999) stated that Product innovation. Personality and affect a very important opportunity to entrepreneurs to innovate. Finally, Kanhasiri (1990) found that Products and measure the relationship between the feature comparison in the future. Quantitative methods of analysis and means of collecting data, frequency analysis of research and planning data in line charts and bar graphs and suggestions for future research will take effect to competitors with better customer loyalty. 2.5 Relationship of the Independent Variable (s) to the Dependent Variable Arthur Rafael (2002) found When the new product launches and better quality also this product will be compared to increase price. Although many business office products are brand name copyright infringement very seriously and prohibit all research and product development at the time out to study consumer satisfaction, with the updates of new products out of the market demand. But still have other business products illegally copied out widely. Consumers like the products that they are cheaper and look like the real. While, Aart Jaume (2000) said that When the products have high demand so the products prices that will be increase on demand Cheap is increasing on demand. Many consumers decided to buy imitation products backpack instead of the genuine product is expensive. Also Ray (2002) found Business will find the ways to avoid the problem to improve the popular product and harder to imitate for decrease their risk The quality of product imitates have effected to making decision when, Wong Zhou (2005) found perceived value has a greater effect on purchase intention for conspicuous foreign products and Faruq (2006) found RD activities and FDI inflows are important determinants of quality The Company that manufacture high quality products to the market are disclosed information to consumers less known because those are important to the company and the liquidity of the market. The company has disclosed only basic information only. Countries are exporters of quality differences. This is the result of differences in factors such as endowment, technology, research and development (RD). While, Heflin, Shaw Wild found The liquidity of equity markets depends on quality information The current materialism of society makes students feel like they have to buy foreign brand products or imitations of them have effected to making decision then, Anderson (2001) has found that satisfaction in materialism is one of the psychological problems that make people in society are trying to do everything to get it occupied, such as car, house and fashion. And Boven (2005) study that most people want to live well and happily in every person and found that materialism, such as the car home fashion is important to create happiness for them very good. The materialism is satisfied from the hearts of individual values resulting psychological advantage over the other now, value of the crop cover materialism has resulted in increasing attitude of buying commercial end epicurean and often not satisfied with the simple life and different people require a comfortable life. Although materialism has a negative effect, but many people will want to own it like a big house, luxury cars, expen sive clothes , beautiful furniture and other. Because human needs are infinite, they seek what they want to come and have a genuine product if the price is too high, making them purchases commercial grade copy. Although it is copied, it can substitute the same name that looks realistic and cheaper it is one reason consumers purchase decision without regard to copyright infringement laws. The personality of the customers have effected to making decision when Devinney Louviere (1986) study that of interpersonal psychology, ethics and personality have been shown correlated with the number of complex social problems. While Rajagopol(1986) found that of the model to measure the performance of brands and attitudes, including personalities, image, reputation and trust. But Balaji a Raghavan (1970) discovered that Cultures and different image for the product of themes related to technology and brand reputation. Therefore Pandey (1968) found that Experiment designed to examine the role and relevance of the personality of the person. Found that the advertisement or communication program plays an important role in the perception of brand personality The cultural and social including kick similar picture with Bush. This is sometimes the product to the personality of our products or we like it because it is often too expensive brand, so many people chose to be turned to imitate instead of the actual product. 2.6 Previous Studies There are 4 standards section; Introduction background The brand name is the trust brand that have effected to making a purchase from student at RMUTT. Now, the student say love brand name. According to Schiffman Kanuk (1997) Consumer behaviour is the study of how individuals make decision to spend and choose this things. When, notice the students that show their use accessories brand name. This is normal happen now but its not fair in their suppliers that think and make it for sale. While, the real trust band name from overseas in the Leading department stores have student only high purchasing power that only few percentage. Behaviour from student in business bachelor administration for Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi is thing to study for know the reason why their choosing. Methods The methods to study behavior of student at RMUTT such as notice, questionnaires, and bring the theory that related to concerning study with case study. Result Now days, Counterfeiting is so much. In a view of supplier, the so called product piracy can be only roughly outlined. The Experts and everyone, who well know that product piracy: trade mark rights in

The Functions of Stereotypes in Propaganda Essay -- Media Stereotypes

The Functions of Stereotypes in Propaganda "A leader with no followers is a guy taking a walk". Good leaders whether it be opinion or political, rarely if ever walk by themselves. The information theydisseminate more often than not leaves them with a hoard of followers that conform to their ideas or cause. The circulated information is known as propaganda. The Webster dictionary defines propaganda as, "ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further ones cause or to damage an opposing cause". Propaganda has been around for a long time; the earliest use of the word was in connection with religious missionary activity in the 16th century (Hardwood). Contemporary propaganda for the most part is information or disinformation, spread by leaders through their mouth pieces such as spokespeople or public relations firms. Contemporary propaganda is frequently created with stereotypes that can be easily understood, in order to reach the greatest number of people. Stereotypes and propaganda are like peanut butter and jam, wh en put together stereotypes function very well in propaganda. This essay will look at the relationship between stereotypes and propaganda, how stereotypes function in propaganda and how well they function in propaganda tactics. In other words, this essay will look at how stereotypes function in propaganda. History has shown that stereotypes and propaganda have an exceptionally close relationship. Propaganda is most easily understood when kept simple by using stereotypes. A stereotype is a ready made image of a person or relationship that is instantly recognizable. (Roth) When these two mechanisms are paired together it results in a strong message that can be easily understood by the masses. Propagandi... ...ment and industries that wish to broadcast propaganda" (Savich) Works Cited Brandon, Karen. "Protesting war, groups battle stereotypes too." Chicago Tribune 17 Jan. 2003. 17 Mar. 2004 . Ellul, Jacques. Propaganda: The Formation of Mens Attitudes . Paris: Press, 1965. 3 -9. Hardwood, Childs L. "Propaganda." Encarta . Redmond: Microsoft, 2003. CD-ROM. Roth, Jen. Beyond Stereotypes . 14 July 2001. 29 Mar. 2004 . Savich, Carl K. War,Journalism and Propaganda . 11 Jan. 2000. 19 Mar. 2004 . Shaw, Anup . Media, Propaganda and September 11 . 26 July 2002. 27 Mar. 2004 .

Help Improve Own and Team Practice at School Essay

Please write out each question in full including the reference numbers. 1) Describe the importance of effective team practice in school. Mention the function and objectives of the team in which they work. Ref 3.1, 3.2 2) Describe both your own role and responsibilities and other members in the team:- School Governors- Governors work as a team and are accountable for the performance of the school to parents and the wider community; plans the school’s future direction; selects the head teacher; makes decisions on the school’s budget and staffing including the performance management policy; makes sure the agreed Curriculum is well taught; decides how the school can encourage pupils’ spiritual, moral and cultural development; makes sure the school provides for all pupils including those with special needs. Read more:Â  Essays on Teamwork in Schools (information received from http://www.bromley.gov.uk/info/29/school_governors/21/school_governors/2). Senior Management team- make strategic plans and set procedures in place for forward planning of the school SENCO- In mainstream primary schools the key responsibilities of the SENCO may include: overseeing the day-to-day operation of the school’s SEN policy, coordinating provision for children with special educational needs, liaising with and advising fellow teachers. managing learning support assistants, overseeing the records of all children with special educational needs, liaising with parents of children with special educational needs, contributing to the in-service training of staff, liaising with external agencies including the LEA’s support and educational psychology services, health and social services, and voluntary bodies. (information received from http://www.merton.gov.uk/learning/edinclusion/sendis/role_of_senco.pdf) Teachers- plan and run lessons according to the national curriculum Support staff- Ref 206 3.3 & x-ref 205 Ref 2.1 a,b,c,d,e 3) Mandy is on playground duty; which is shared between all teaching assistants on a rota system. For health & safety reasons staff are not allowed to take coffee/tea onto the playground. Mandy has worked the whole playtime because Romena has not come out to take over. After looking for Romena, Mandy goes straight to the deputy head teacher as she has had a long morning and this is the second time Romena has not been where she should be that week. The deputy head teacher tells Mandy that Romena’s son has been in hospital and that she has been very worried about him as he is due to have an operation that week. What might have been an alternative approach? How could the situation be resolved if Romena is unable to fulfil her duties for the time being? Ref 206 4.6 4.7 (x-ref 203 3.5 b) 4)When and how could you suggest ways in which the team could improve or change existing practice? Ref 206, 4.5 5)Explain the opportunities available to you in order to develop your skills (CPD) Ref 206 2.4 6) Identify ways in which your own knowledge, understanding and skills in literacy, numeracy and ICT impact on your own practice. State possible opportunities to improve these areas for improvement. ( x-ref 210 6.1, 6.2

Ethnic Market Essay

With mounting western influence and focus on revival of traditional Indian fashion elements, diversity in India sees many faces. To maintain the dignity of the culture and to provide a platform to small Indian brands, future group initiated ethnocentrism concept by opening ethnicity store in Ahmedabad, Gujarat. This initiative has provided new format insights to organized retailers to expand their horizons in highly volatile Indian consumer oriented market. A new format has always been a challenge to any retailer to sustain into the market. In the changing face of market, to regain preference of consumers towards nationalized brands, can be looked from a confronting angle. This created an anxiety in the mind of researchers and inspired them to undergo the research to understand the ethnicity concept. Ethnicity format is studied based on the first ethnicity store set up in the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat and glimpses are taken from the second and third store set up in Mumbai and Pune respectively. Research is secondary followed by primary in nature. This paper gives insights into the overall set up of ethnicity format that includes differentiating Criteria’s of ethnicity in comparison to regular retail formats based on observation at the store. Questionnaire based survey is also performed to get opinion on ethnicity store and paper gives insights into preferential category for purchase for future developments Consumers have given a very good response to the new concept. Along with shopping, experiences of consumers’ with the format have given a lasting impact on their mind-set. Further Raja market, Rani Market, Thoda aur market are found attractive to consumers and have gained good preference of consumers followed by Sona-chandi market Chota India and Ghar aangan market. The insights into concept development and suggested potential extended formats of ethnicity may readily work as a pillar to stand into the market for new retailers. Keywords: Ethnicity, Ethnocentrism, Organized Retail, Nationalized brands. Introduction Indian fashion industry is moving towards westernization due to high level of acceptance of foreign brands by the consumers. Due to this ,western brands are getting a wider platform than the ethnic brands across the country. As a result, national/ethnic products are even overlooked by consumers and time may come that such products may disappear from the market. To protect the Indian heritage, Future group took up the maiden initiative to provide a space to Indian products and brands under its own name and fame Future Group, India’s leading business house with strong presence in retail sector, launched a new retail format, family lifestyle store – Ethnicity, in Ahmadabad to market ethnic brands and products of India in 2008. This chain is a major family format developed after the launch of *Professor, G. H. Patel Post Graduate Institute of Business Management, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar. **Assistant Professor, N. R. Institute of Business Management (GLS-MBA), Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad. Pacific Business Review International 2 highly successful family formats like Pantaloons, Big Bazaar, and Home Town. The new store format that has been billed as ‘Everything Indian, seeks to promote ethnic brands, ranging from ethnic and fusion wear, Jewellery, handicrafts, home decor, beauty products to accessories and gifts. ‘ Thus ethnicity showcases a large number of small Indian brands under one roof. Ethnicity besides promoting the culture of ethnic products, provide a modern platform to augment the presence of the retailers into the industry. Research Objectives †¢ †¢ †¢ To understand the concept of ethnicity as a new retail format To understand differentiating factors of ethnicity store in comparison to the modern retail stores. To understand the consumers’ preference towards the new format. Scope of the Study The study has explored the concept of ethnicity. In includes understanding of the theme and concept development, merchandise development and differentiation criteria of format in comparison to existing formats. Further to understand acceptance of the new format, consumers’ preference towards the offerings has also been analyzed Data Collection Sources Secondary data sources have been used to understand the concept the ethnicity. Information has been taken from leaflet provided by ethnicity store of Ahmedabad, and Company website to get insights into ethnicity store of Pune and Mumbai. Articles kept on the websites are also used at the launch of ethnicity. Primary data has been collected through questionnaire to know consumers preference towards the new format. Respondents were the consumers of Ahmedabad who visited ethnicity store. Sample of 100 respondents was administered out of which 94 responses identified as valid sample for the study. Literature Review Ethnic origin has been defined as a group of people who share a common descent, a sense of collective identity and usually a shared cultural heritage and tradition (Crysdale and Bettie, 1973). Ethnicity implies common customs, values, and attitudes within a group of people who are bound by a common cultural identification. Because values reflect a standard or criterion that people use in the guidance of behavior, they act as a norm for ethnic consumer behavior and an influence on many consumption motives. Ethnic Marketing Ethnic marketing is an important aspect of lifestyle marketing, a strategy that tailors a company’s products and services towards the customer’s lifestyles. According to Technopak Analysis, the current market of sarees and ethnic wear stands at Rs 31,000 crore and is projected to grow at 10 per cent to reach Rs 45,000 crore in 2014. Views expressing rationale towards ethnic marketing Mr. Arvind Singhal, chairman of management consulting and retail specialist firm Technopak Advisors (201011) said, â€Å"Overall apparel category spends are rising, with special focus on ethnic wear brands, where many new brands have emerged as market heroes. They sensed the vacuum in the market, ease of entry, and attracted women – the most interesting target consumer, which places the Indian ethnic wear market at Rs. 56,800 Crore, growing at 9% annually†. Govind Shrikhande, customer care associate and managing director, Shoppers Stop said â€Å"Branded ethnic Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) wear is one of the top selling categories in our stores. For the past few years this segment has seen double digit growth,† Mr. Gaurav Mahajan, CEO, Westside, a Tata group company said ,†Indian ethnic wear is an integral part of our customer promise. We widened the Westside range and introduced Zuba, which offers silks and authentic handlooms. This autumn will see the launch of two more brands,† Mr. Rakesh Biyani, joint managing director, Future Group said ,†There is a significant rise in demand for women’s ethnic clothing. There is a big gap between the opportunity and what is being delivered today by organized players. This gap identification generated a lead to cover the untapped ethnic market and future group took up the initiative to establish ethnicity store as a revolution in the existing apparel format. Concept development of Ethnicity Store by Future Group. Store Design Future Group has launched the first of a chain of stores aimed at retailing Indian wear in 2008 in Ahmedabad city. It is the branded ‘Ethnicity’ store that keeps the a range of ethnic and fusion wear, jewelry, handicrafts, home decor, beauty products and accessories and gifts. All the products are India inspired. The store is having a spread over an area of 25,000 to 30,000 sq. ft. Store Objective The apparel labeled as traditional and indoor clothing a decade ago, has laid the foundation for today’s contemporary Indian ethnic chic. Ethnicity proudly follows the Indian values of being sensitive to Ahmedabad city, environment and community. It provides a platform to bring together traditional or ethnic 3 retailers and consumers. It recreates the know-how of a traditional ethnic market in a modern retail format and is an aggregator of the multi-faceted ethnic merchandise and traditional selling practices. It revives and rejuvenates anything and everything that is Indian. It aims to truly open out the urban ethnic market and redefine the scale of ethnic merchandising. Ethnic-Theme Positioning at the Store The concept Ethnicity is not limited to ethnic clothing but it is a destination to get the unique experience. The key differentiator for Ethnicity lies in its 360-degree shopping experience. Ethnicity’s store design reflects a distinctly ethnic character – visual merchandising tools include artifacts, paintings and decor pieces from Rajasthan, Orissa and Gujarat. â€Å"Visual merchandising at ethnicity is like the synopsis of a story book†. Ethnicity has gone the â€Å"Desi way (Highly traditional)† to become attractive and communicative. It is vital to not only be a differentiated retailer but also to draw out the true essence of the products. Branding in ethnic wear has been led by region of origin of the product like Benaresi sarees, Lucknowi kurta, Kutchchi Bandhani. The store is colorfully designed and the flashiness gives it an ambience of luxury and festivity. Atmosphere at Ethincity Store Atmospheric at ethnicity store is a reflection of Indian heritage. Instead of halogen lights, everywhere light is reflected by lanterns. Instead of room freshener or perfumes, a raw fragrant of essential oil from flowers known as attar is used to mesmerizes the entrant and bring them to the Indian culture. All the racks for display of merchandise are developed from wooden and outside decoration is of handicraft, which gives a reflection of Indian art. Instead of having all the racks or shelves for display, few of the merchandise is displayed on cot. Store assistants are dressed in ethnic kurtas for refreshments, Coconut water is served in a lorry (Cart) which gives a flavor of typical Indian culture, on the road serving. Pacific Business Review International 4 Use of multi colors, art and fancy designs, air fragrance and traditional lightings give all time festival feeling experience. market. Chosen name for the market is based on arterial language of India. With the theme of ethnocentrism, the collection represents only Indian brands in all the merchandise. Merchandise at Ethnicity Store. All the offerings are divided into a â€Å"Niche name† of Overall Analysis of Ethnicity Store Table 1 Store Sections Generic category name Ethnic name at ethnicity store Women’s wear category Rani market-everything ethnic for women Men’s wear category Raja market-everything ethnic for men Kid’s wear category Chota India market Jewellery/ accessories Sona –chandi market- ethnic Jewellery Home accessories Ghar –aangan- ethnic ideas for your home Stationary/medical items Thoda aur- ethnic accessories and more Source: http://www. indiaretailing. com/organising-ethnic-retail. asp Data Analysis Regular formats of organized retail stores have their specific offerings. While ethnicity store has differentiated the same to give a new experience to the consumers. Based on observation at ethnicity store, the following comparison has been made to derive the differentiation criteria Table 2 Comparative Analysis: Organized Regular Retail Format V/s. Ethnicity Format Parameter Organized Retail Organized retailOutlet outlet Theme A move culture Objective To give exposure to western To give platform to Indian brands culture dynamics and appeal to ethnocentrism Size of the outlet Large size Comparatively small size Structure Vertical departmentation Horizontal departmentation. Availability of brands Global brands Only Indian brands Atmospheric Exclusive halogen lights lantern /yellow lights towards Ethnicity Store Ethnicity store western A move towards Indian legacy Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) 5 Decoration No additional decoration Fully decorated with colors, lamps, handicraft ,puppets etc. -looks like all time festival Music Western songs Indian instrumental Fragrance Room fresheners Raw fragrant of essential oil from flowers known as attar Shelves Racks Along with racks Traditional village themed cots with four legs Merchandise division Products are separate Gender wise product bundling. Apparel gets displayed in one section, accessories other section, footwear another section and so on e. g. Raja market includes apparel ,accessories ,footwear addressing men. Rani market includes apparel, accessories, footwear for women Merchandise name English names Traditional Indian names Store assistant’s dressing Western formal wear Traditional Indian kurta Packaging Plastic printed bags Paper bags with traditional look Merchandise Western outfits western designs and indo- Indian traditional embroidery work outfits with Shoes Mojaris and chappals Indo-western painting Handicraft Cosmetic products. Natural ayurvedic products and aromatherapy Perfumes Incense stick, fragrances Light chandelier Candles and Lantern Artificial jewellery Stone work, Kundan jewellery Refreshments Food court with multi cuisine Small push cart/lorry with coconut water Deliverable Shopping Experience attar, natural Source: Primary data collection through observation Analysis of Consumers Preference Towards Ethnicity Store: Consumers survey has been performed to get insights into their experience towards the format with the help of questionnaire. Respondents were the consumers who visited the ethnicity store. Pacific Business Review International 6. Figure 1 Consumers’ Preference towards the Market based Merchandise at Ethnicity Store with Mean Rank ( where 1 is least and 5 is maximum) 0 1 2 3 4 5 4. 25 Raja Market 4. 02 Rani Market 2. 80 Chota India 3. 20 Sona Chandi Ghar Aangan 2. 05 4. 15 Thoda aur Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Consumers’ preference towards the ethnic theme based markets is analyzed to know the preferred market. This analysis is aimed at developing the market to increase the preference †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Consumers are highly satisfied with Raja Market offerings followed by Rani market and thoda aur market. New introductions in thoda aur market like lamps, candle and fragrances, ayurvedic products etc have grabbed attention of people which gives a lead to introduce more unique and Indian traditional items. Sona chandi market has got a good response. Thus it can be interpreted that fashion accessories in ethnic look are keeping tune with the ethnic garments. As per consumers opinion, Chota India is yet to gain preference may be because of traditional designs that are not preferred more for kids in †¢ comparison to western attractive outfits with cartoon characters Again as per consumers opinion, Ghar aangan is also yet to gain preference may be because of bed sheets, utensils, toys , purchase for rituals like puja ka saaman etc. have pre-existence of established unorganized market. Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012). 7 Consumers’ Preference towards Ethnic Products for Three Most Preferred Markets Figure 2 Preference has been Analyzed towards Offerings for Females as Rani Market Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Fusion wear and Mix & Match are able to attract consumers as it is a new and unique base of ethnic products. As Saari, salwaar kamiz have become a common purchase and many platforms are available to address the demand, preference is found at the moderate level. Figure 3 Preference has been Analyzed towards Offerings for Males as Raja Market Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire In men’s wear traditional wear in the form of Jodhpuri, Chudidar and kurtas along with traditional mojaris have attracted consumers to larger extent Pacific Business Review International 8 Figure 4 Preference has been Analyzed towards Offerings for Thoda Aur Market Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Full range of Fragrances and Candles & Incense has been introduced by ethnicity store. It has got extra ordinary preference of consumers. Thus it has contributed towards maintenance of Indian legacy Consumers preference towards Aromatherapy Aromatherapy is the use of aromatic plant oils, including essential oils, for psychological and physical wellbeing. Aroma therapists blend therapeutic essential oils especially for each individual and suggest methods of use such as topical application, massage, inhalation or water immersion to stimulate the desired responses. Aroma therapy oils may include : †¢ Peppermint – Digestive disorders †¢ Rosemary – Muscular pains, mental stimulant †¢ Sandalwood – Depression, anxiety and nervous tension †¢ Sweet orange – Depression and anxiety. †¢ Tea tree – Respiratory problems, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral †¢ Lavender – Headaches, insomnia, burns, aches and pain Ethnicity store has provided the platform for Aromatherapy. Full range of essential oils has been displayed to generate the awareness and preference towards the same. It is aimed at generating awareness towards ayurvedic medicine in the arena of allopath for better and secure treatment. Ethnicity has taken maiden initiative to mould the consumers psychology towards naturopath. (Graph on next page) It can be interpreted from figure-5 that first hand response has been satisfactory with 49% for. Aromatherapy and thus it enjoys the potential to increase the preference in future. The atmospheric of traditional products is supporting the purchase of traditional way of health supplements. The advice and explanation given along with the product has played important role in making realization to go for natural products Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) 9 Figure 5 Preference has been Analyzed for Aroma Therapy Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Figure 6 Analysis of Consumers’ Satisfaction towards Ethnicity Store: Consumers’ level of satisfaction towards the differentiated offerings has been analyzed. Such analysis is aimed at identifying the most appealing differentiation for future positioning of the store and developing the strategies that may lead to future satisfaction Competitive Assessment Matrix with Mean Rank ( Where 1 is least and 5 is maximum) Regular Organized Retail Formats and Ethnicity Store Consumers’ satisfaction on competitive assessment matrix 0 1 2 3 4 5 4. 05 4. 95 Theme 2. 30 2. 60 Price 3. 25 4. 00 Variety 3. 94 4. 35 Display 4. 00 Experience Source: Primary data collection through questionnaire Keys : Regular organized retail outlets Ethnicity store 5. 00 Pacific Business Review International 10 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢. Competitive assessment matrix depicts that ethnicity theme is highly appealing to the people. The differentiation point of giving experience to the consumers than only to provide a platform for shopping is getting correct positioning in the mind set of consumers as it is applauded by consumers with the mean rank of 4. 95. Unique display of ethnicity is highly appreciated by consumers in comparison to regular organized retail formats. On the dimension of variety ethnicity is lagging behind in comparison, the contributing reason may be limited number of Indian brands into each category. As far as pricing is concerned none of the outlets satisfied the consumers expectation. It brings out the fact that price structure is too high. Here opportunity lies with ethnicity store to discriminate pricing strategy to get competitive edge over other formats. It might be feasible to reformulate the pricing strategy due to nationalized brands. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Suggestions †¢ Major Findings †¢ †¢ †¢ Ethnicity is indeed a revolutionary move towards consumers’ ethnocentrism. National players have also joined hands with the big retailer and accepted the opportunity to address the mass market. Thus it has contributed to a greater extent in providing a wider platform to small retailer of India. Further is has contributed towards generating awareness of ethnic products and brands of allover India which were not noticed by the consumers and importance was not realized by consumers. It is an absolutely unique model into organized retail formats. Everything starting from atmospherics to collection of brands, merchandise display and packaging is uniquely positioned with the nationalized theme. It provides a feel-good factor and thrilling experience to the consumers. Consumers are getting attracted by the theme and getting exposed and penetrated by ethnic products. Today consumers look for fashionable clothes. National brands which were not recognized earlier, have provided a platform of fashion to explore Consumers are highly satisfied with Raja Market offerings followed by Rani market and thoda aur market. Fusion wear, Mix & Match, Jodhpuri,Kurtas, Chudidars, Mojaris and fragrances ,candles and incense are able to get preference of people. Aroma therapy is able to get good welcome form the consumers. Ethnic designs are getting acceptance in the form of novelty. In all this innovative concept well applauded by consumers as they are getting exposed to all the variety and designs of products of all the corners of India under one roof. †¢ †¢ †¢ More Indian retailers should be motivated to provide huge collection of ethnic products in the categories of mens’ wear and women’s wear to provide more varieties. There is a need to increase the range of aroma therapy offerings to increase the awareness and consumption. Fragrances, candles and incense offerings have brought Indian values back in the preferences. This has showcased a very good business potential as a whole. There is a need to provide more and more offerings into the segment with more and more varieties. Potential revolutions into existing format of ethnicity for India. Format can be expanded by introducing specialties of major states/cities of India †¢ Rajasthan market – Art & craft †¢ Jamnagar market-Bandhani Volume 5 Issue 5 (November 2012) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Bangalore -Silk garments Chennai- Pearl jewellery Kerala market-Spices Format can be expanded by introducing specialty food of major states/cities of India it may help to give a back shift to the consumer trend which is moving towards western food Gujarati food Punjabi food South Indian food Rajasthani food North Indian food Kathiyawadi food Potential revolutions into existing format of ethnicity for other countries. It has been witnessed that countries are getting specialized into technological innovations but spread of such innovations into the same continent reflects questionable behavior of consumers. Many a times it is because of lack of awareness. Such type of format may provide a common platform to explore the small innovative products at consumer end E. g. European countries. Fashion based Ethnicity- As fashion industry is one of the major growing industries in Europe, all fashion statements can be displayed under one platform †¢ Fashion statement of Italy †¢ Fashion statement of France †¢ Fashion statement of United kingdom Technology based ethnicity- Technical Research& innovation driven countries, all innovations can be displayed under one platform †¢ Big to small innovative products of Finland. †¢ Big to small innovative products of Germany †¢ IT & Renewable technology based products from Sweden †¢ Electric technology innovations of Netherland E. g. Asian Countries 11 Technology based ethnicity †¢ Robotic technology based innovative small to big products from South Korea & Japan References Crysdale and Bettie, 1973, Retrieved from, http:// www. manifolddatamining. com /html /products/ ethnicmarketing. htm on 15/02/2012 Anuradha Shukla, Ethnic wear market booms in India retrieved from http://wonderwoman. intoday. In/ story/ethnic-wear-market-booms-in-india/1/ 88440. html http://indiatoday. intoday. in/story/ethnic-wear-marketto-grow/1/124981. html retrieved on 06/02/2012 koregaonparkplaza, pune (2011) retrieved from http:// w w w. k o r e g a o n p a r k p l a z a . c o m / s t o r s details. asp? id=77&catid=1&st=1 retrieved on 06/ 02/2012 Runul Vashistha, (2009) retrieved from http:// www. indiar et a iling. com/ R et ailC oncep t _ details. aspx? Id=58 retrieved on 02/02/2012 Pooja nair, (2009). retrieved from http://ahmedabad. metromela. com/Lamps+and+ethnic+ wear+at+. Ethnicity/article/3183 retrieved on 15/02/2012 Shailesh Shah, (2012). Ethnicity: Towards organising ethnic retail, retrieved from http: // www. indiaretailing. com/organising-ethnicretail. asp retrieved on 02/02/2012 http://www. pantaloonretail. in/pdf/ethnicity_karigari. pdf Reference Book Jr. Churchill Gilbert A. , Lacobucci Dawn, Israel D. , (2009),†Marketing Research- A South Asian Perspective†, India Edition, Delhi: Cencage Learning. Additional material Leaflet circulated at ethnicity store 12 Glossary Attar: A fragrant of essential oil typically made from rose petals Ayurvedic: It is a Hindu system of traditional medicine native to India and a form of alternative medicine. Ayurveda can be defined as a system, which uses the inherent principles of nature, to help maintain health in a person by keeping the individual’s body, mind and spirit in perfect equilibrium with nature Bandhani: A process of patterning cloth by tie-dyeing in which the design is reserved on the undyed cloth by tying small spots very tightly with thread to protect them from the dye especially popular in Rajasthan and India Chappal: An item of Indian footwear, similar to a flipflop with a toe strap Chota (India market): Younger, junior child related products. Pacific Business Review International Kundan Jewellery: Kundan is a traditional Indian gemstone jewelry, a method of gem setting in a jewellery piece, consisting of inserting gold foil between the stones and its mount, usually used to create elaborate necklaces believed to have originate in royal courts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is the oldest form of jewellery made and worn in India Kurta: A knee-length, collarless shirt worn over pajamas by men in India Mojaris: A style of South Asian handcrafted footwear mostly using vegetable-tanned leatherproduced in India Organized retail: Organized retail has been defined as a network of similarly branded stores with an element of self service Raja (Market): A prince, chief, or ruler related products in India Rani (Market): Indian princess related products Ethnicity: Ethnicity implies common customs, values, and attitudes within a group of people who are bound by a common cultural identification Saree: a dress worn primarily by Hindu women; consists of several yards of light material that is draped around the body Ethnic groups: A group of people who share a common descent, a sense of collective identity and usually a shared cultural heritage and tradition Sona-chandi (market)-Gold & silver related products/jewellery Ethnic Marketing: Ethnic marketing is an important aspect of lifestyle marketing, a strategy that tailors a company’s products and services towards the customer’s lifestyles Ghar -aangan (market):Home decoration related products Handicraft: Items made by hand, often with the use of simple tools, and are generally artistic and/or traditional in nature . They are the objects of utility and objects of decoration. Incense stick: It is composed of aromatic biotic materials, which release fragrant smoke when burned Thoda aur (market): somewhat more than the existing here in the context of more than the regular offerings.

Free Essays on Clinton Scandal

It is rare a person crosses the path of the White House without some emotion of envy or awe. This building epitomizes world leadership and unprecedented power. This renowned leadership may be the only association made by certain countries, while in the United States many see an other significance: Watergate, Whitewater, Kennedy's brutal and mysterious assassination, and today, Clinton's "zippergate" scandal. When the President of the United States takes oath, he gives up a part of his life. His private life becomes the public's life, and they feel the right to know what happens behind the Oval Office. Now the Presidency must battle against Newspaper journalists, radio personalities, televised news reports and now, even more menacing: the Internet. Presidents, who are constantly reminded of their power and prestigious rank, become exasperated because they cannot control the news media, even though they can to a large degree set the news agenda. Media has expanded in its presence, becoming widespread on the Internet, perhaps monopolizing the domain, by becoming more powerful and more used than written, televised or radio journalism. The Presidents' inability to control the press exposes their vulnerability and tends to question the actual power they can actually exert. All presidents, at some time or another, became frustrated at what they perceived as unfair treatment by the press, even while acknowledging its vital function in a free society, and many presidents have been a part of a scandal. The presidential scandal with Monica Lewinsky had swept the Nation overnight. It is obvious that this story has changed the face of journalism, has put online media on the map in a major way, and has made life more difficult for newspapers forever. First, let's take a look at how this story developed and how it acted on the Internet. David Noack of E&P in his article "Web's Big Role in Sex Controversy" does a great job of detailing the twisting... Free Essays on Clinton Scandal Free Essays on Clinton Scandal It is rare a person crosses the path of the White House without some emotion of envy or awe. This building epitomizes world leadership and unprecedented power. This renowned leadership may be the only association made by certain countries, while in the United States many see an other significance: Watergate, Whitewater, Kennedy's brutal and mysterious assassination, and today, Clinton's "zippergate" scandal. When the President of the United States takes oath, he gives up a part of his life. His private life becomes the public's life, and they feel the right to know what happens behind the Oval Office. Now the Presidency must battle against Newspaper journalists, radio personalities, televised news reports and now, even more menacing: the Internet. Presidents, who are constantly reminded of their power and prestigious rank, become exasperated because they cannot control the news media, even though they can to a large degree set the news agenda. Media has expanded in its presence, becoming widespread on the Internet, perhaps monopolizing the domain, by becoming more powerful and more used than written, televised or radio journalism. The Presidents' inability to control the press exposes their vulnerability and tends to question the actual power they can actually exert. All presidents, at some time or another, became frustrated at what they perceived as unfair treatment by the press, even while acknowledging its vital function in a free society, and many presidents have been a part of a scandal. The presidential scandal with Monica Lewinsky had swept the Nation overnight. It is obvious that this story has changed the face of journalism, has put online media on the map in a major way, and has made life more difficult for newspapers forever. First, let's take a look at how this story developed and how it acted on the Internet. David Noack of E&P in his article "Web's Big Role in Sex Controversy" does a great job of detailing the twisting...

Free Essays on Music Business

Why was New Orleans such a strong influence on the development of jazz? In the late 1700’s Mardi Gras was presented. The New Orleans carnival grew six weeks long in the 1800’s. The festival had been symbolic and traditional, including different floats and bands, marching and playing music. When Jazz formed the city divided into two; the downtown musicians, and the uptown musicians. Later both styles discovered each other’s strengths and helped bring out the first authentic jazz style; The New Orleans style. New Orleans became a unique environment with all the different roots and different ethnic traditions. Jazz was nurtured in these cultural families and New Orleans was the city where the families settled. New Orleans was the city where many successful musicians were born and the spread of music was rich. The New Orleans style was very distinctive; â€Å"percussive† piano rhythms, rocking, vocally suggestive horns; and a â€Å"parade time† backbeat on the drums. The different cultures and styles all combined with the help of the various events in New Orleans. New Orleans is where free men and women of color got to play in bands. The community of New Orleans played the biggest influence, like the prostitution in the presence that went on, and all the other things that went on socially. New Orleans acted as the home of the cultural awakening and it currently still posses a deep sense of self and recognition. Players and listeners recognize New Orleans as the home of jazz. How did racism affect the history of American Popular music up to and including the swing era? Racism had a big impact on American popular music. At the time of its takeoff there was still racial segregation, meaning separate theatres, booking agents, and most importantly, separate audiences. During the Great Depression African American traditions began to increasingly influence the popular culture of â€Å"white† America with their... Free Essays on Music Business Free Essays on Music Business Why was New Orleans such a strong influence on the development of jazz? In the late 1700’s Mardi Gras was presented. The New Orleans carnival grew six weeks long in the 1800’s. The festival had been symbolic and traditional, including different floats and bands, marching and playing music. When Jazz formed the city divided into two; the downtown musicians, and the uptown musicians. Later both styles discovered each other’s strengths and helped bring out the first authentic jazz style; The New Orleans style. New Orleans became a unique environment with all the different roots and different ethnic traditions. Jazz was nurtured in these cultural families and New Orleans was the city where the families settled. New Orleans was the city where many successful musicians were born and the spread of music was rich. The New Orleans style was very distinctive; â€Å"percussive† piano rhythms, rocking, vocally suggestive horns; and a â€Å"parade time† backbeat on the drums. The different cultures and styles all combined with the help of the various events in New Orleans. New Orleans is where free men and women of color got to play in bands. The community of New Orleans played the biggest influence, like the prostitution in the presence that went on, and all the other things that went on socially. New Orleans acted as the home of the cultural awakening and it currently still posses a deep sense of self and recognition. Players and listeners recognize New Orleans as the home of jazz. How did racism affect the history of American Popular music up to and including the swing era? Racism had a big impact on American popular music. At the time of its takeoff there was still racial segregation, meaning separate theatres, booking agents, and most importantly, separate audiences. During the Great Depression African American traditions began to increasingly influence the popular culture of â€Å"white† America with their...

Crystal Easter Egg Project

Crystal Easter Egg Project These crystal Easter eggs make great decorations! Basically, you grow crystals around a real egg. You can make a crystal geode, an egg decoration or a hanging ornament for an Easter egg tree. Make pastel eggs or vibrant eggs in any color of the rainbow. This is an easy crystal growing project that yields quick results. Time Required a few hours to overnight, depending what you want Materials You can use pretty much any recipe for growing crystals. Good choices would include sugar, salt, Epsom salts or borax. I chose alum because I wanted large crystals on the egg and quick results. If you want to completely coat your egg with sparkly crystals, borax or sugar would work best. The amount of borax, sugar, salt or Epsom salt is different from the amount of alum. Basically, keep adding material to the boiling water until it stops dissolving. Use this saturated solution to grow the crystals. An egg1 cup boiling hot water4 tablespoons alum (which is the size of a typical container in the grocery store)A pin or needleFood coloring or Easter egg dye (optional)String or a pipecleaner (optional)Cup Prepare the Egg You have a few options here. Crystal Geode EggIf you want to make a geode, carefully crack the egg or cut it in half. Rinse off the shells and allow them to dry before continuing.Crystal EggYou can use a hard-boiled egg to make your crystal egg. This results in a heavy egg that can be used as a tabletop decoration.Egg OrnamentUse a pin, awl or Dremel tool to pierce a hole into each end of the egg. Push the pin or an unbent paper clip into the egg to scramble the yolk. Blow into the hole on one end of the egg to remove the egg. If you have trouble, try enlarging the hole. The crystals will grow over the bottom hole, so it isnt critical to have an inconspicuous hole. Make the Crystal Egg This is how I made the egg in the photograph: Pour 1 cup of boiling water into a glass.Stir in 4 tablespoons of alum. Keep stirring until the alum dissolves.If you want colored crystals, add a few drops of food coloring. The eggshell picks up color easily, so a little dye goes a long way.Put the egg in the glass so that it is completely covered by liquid. If you blew out the egg, youll need to submerge the egg until the air bubbles escape or else your egg will float. If you like, you can suspend a hollowed egg using a pipecleaner or string.Allow a few hours for crystal growth. Once you are pleased with the crystals, remove the egg, hang it or set it on a paper towel, and allow it to dry. This egg has large sparkling crystals that show the shape of the alum crystals. If you want alum crystals all over the egg, seed the egg before putting it in the solution by dipping it in alum powder or painting the shell with a mixture of alum and glue. Crystal Egg Recipes Sugar Crystal EggDissolve 3 cups of sugar in 1 cup of boiling water.Borax Crystal EggDissolve 3 tablespoons of borax into 1 cup of boiling or very hot water.Salt Crystal EggThe solubility of table salt or sodium chloride is highly dependent on temperature. Stir salt into boiling water until it stops dissolving. Sometimes it helps to microwave the solution to a rolling boil to get the salt into solution. Its okay if there is some undissolved salt at the bottom of the container. Let it settle out and then pour off the clear portion to use to grow your crystals.Epsom Salt Crystal EggDissolve 1 cup of Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) into 1 cup of very hot tap water. More Easter Chemistry Projects Homemade Natural Easter Egg DyesWater Into Wine Chem DemoSugar and String Crystal Easter Egg

Culture and Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culture and Technology - Essay Example In a book of Lederach J. P. (1995) says, "Culture is the shared knowledge and schemes created by a set of people perceiving, interpreting, expressing and responding to the social realities around them." People wakeup, take breakfast and go to their offices for work. In the evening they came back take rest, enjoy with family, go out to refresh their minds, have dinner and sleep at nights. The next day they do the same with slightly ups and down. So this is a culture of mankind community to eat, work, enjoy and sleep on daily basis. Changing this culture is impossible. Now if we take an example of an Accountant who daily writes hundreds of ledger pages using pen and paper giving pain to his fingers and stress on mind in hours now can do all this using a technology named as Computer, in few minutes through few clicks. Technology is increasing and updating in day by day. Abacus gives rise to Computer. Computer get advance gave rise to a technology known as Internet. Internet is used to communicate the world from one end to another. Not only this, but there are many uploaded free books and libraries that makes studies more comfortable and enhanced. Computer and major Internet becomes part of daily lives. Instead of having big expensive machines, people start buying personal computers. Computers get to be in reasonable price and technology rises to home to home. Internet starts being part of students, professionals and every field of man's life. The technology raised and internet and computer starts playing important role in business and large organization which tends people carry their work with them and Laptops or mini computers on mobile are evolved. Carrying laptops from one place to another was getting difficult, as laptops are expensive and a doubt to get theft increased. Tough technology with these thoughts researched and developed a Remote Computer. A Computer now can be operated via Internet anywhere. This technology is simple but allows you to access your business computer in office from home or computer at your home from far seven seas away. Windows XP as its component also introduced remote Computer. But it flopped at the time of low bandwidth Internet or Windows 95 and Windows XP difference. Development and Implementation Remote Installation Services uses different techniques to install and compile the remote computer for the use on different computers. RIS uses network communication while the remote sharing of computer. The network infrastructure should be slid so that it allows easily downloading the material from one end to another. Besides network, RIS uses special image transferring API's. Different Images heavy or light handled by RIS. Though after activation of RIS on computers a restart is required so that all setting gets fixed up while booting the computer. RIS allows client and server to communicate through images and commands. The continuous exchange of requests and responses allows the remote sharing. The architecture of Remote Sharing can be explained in a manner that client logs in to the network and uses its IP address. RIS helps to transfer the request to server. Serve accomplish the request and take image and send back to the client. The RIS on client computer receives the image and shows up. Clients move the mouse on its own computer desktop or do any other action the

My Sister's Keeper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

My Sister's Keeper - Movie Review Example Kate Fitzgerald was diagnosed with a terminal form of Leukemia at an early age and was not expected to live past the age of 5 without a proper organ donor to help her out. With that in mind, her parents agree to conceive a genetically engineered child whose sole purpose in life would be to "help" her sister survive.The film tries to take a deeper and more intimate look into how the illness of one child can manage to rip a family part at its seams. Sara, played by Cameron Diaz is the overly affected mother who will do anything to save the life of her eldest daughter Kate.Keeping the above information in mind, I shall evaluate this movie based on the following criteria:- A possibility of the story actually happening in real life;- character and event portrayals in the movie as compared to the original book counterparts;Â   - current medical emancipation laws in the state of California in relation to the movie.All of the above questions or criteria will show us how the rights of a minor are just as important as the rights of an adult. Even more important because they rely on their parents to protect their rights.The movie was partly based on the story of the Ayala sisters, whose parents used the placental cord cells of second sister Marissa - Eve in order to put the Leukemia of older sister Anissa into remission. However, Marissa was not conceived as a designer baby the way Anna was in the movie. The movie, took reality one step further in order to create more dramatic tension between the players which, if you ask me, was a bit of an overkill since the topic of death and survival is already morose as it is.

Personal statement Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Statement Example Of particular interest to me is the opportunity to write a dissertation based upon my personal experience and case-studies of my workplace. Academic work that is based upon the dual foundations of scholarly theory and practical knowledge is perhaps the most powerful type of educational experience. I feel that this is particularly the case within a field such as Public Policy in which what is learned should have a close practical application to real world issues. The fact that CeFIMS deliberately stresses the relationship between academic work and real-world problems makes it very attractive to me. I am particularly interested in those sections of the coursework that deal with decentralization of government programs and the policies that go along with them. Decentralization appears to be an excellent idea on a superficial level, but various problematic issues arise on closer examination. The apparent dichotomy between "personal interest" and "career advancement" does not necessarily apply to my situation. To me the best career advancement involves an academic and personal background that involves personal interest. To be succinct, personal interest should drive one's career goals, as it is only through a passion for the subject-matter and practical nature of one's career that one can achieve the most.

Case study questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study questions - Essay Example The recommendation for this business can be expand its business to many other countries of the world and make new business strategies for having greater competitive advantages. 1b. the biggest step taken by Tesco in its strategic planning is becoming an International operator. The advantageous strategic position of the company has made it a multinational operator. The company has the ability to retain and acquire more customers in the new market environment. Tesco’s expansion in the US market is also an important strategic decision. This strategy has contributed in the success of the firm in USA. The strategy of Tesco’s store operation of small format has positioned the brand in such a way that it threatens other retail firms. To hold its position in the competitive environment of the retail industry Tesco can make alliance with different international business for its business expansion. 2. The main strategic evaluation criteria are involved in understanding the goal of the company, its mission and vision. The growth of the business by implementing those strategies helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the business strategies. Tesco has set up different evaluation criteria for its different business strategies. The strategic decision of the company to expand in USA and South Korea helped to achieve huge success in its business. In this case the main strategic evaluation criteria are to generate a certain amount of revenue from those places which will help to generate a huge amount of profit. Tesco has a strategy of selling its product at a very low price. This strategy is evaluated on the basis of the amount of goods sold in its stores. The main objective of the company is to become the largest retail company of the world. The company’s strategy of offering value added services and products in its business operation helps to increase the growth of the busine ss. The firm has introduced

Ethnographic film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnographic film - Essay Example There has no actual date that states the origin of this film. The initial instances of these films were the footages that projectionists and film makers took during their travels. They took footages of distant cultures in the places they visited. Colonizers also used them to educate the countries they colonized during their travels. They viewed them later during the journey or after returning home. Some argue that they begum in 1895 when Lumiere shown his film named ‘Arrival of Train’. During that time, the travelling agents also shown their clips during their travel. However, the anthropologist disagrees that this inspired the production of ethnographic films. They claim that the people who acted this film did not have acting experience and non-western. The cultures of this people had no exposure to the modern world and lived in the non-urban area. These factors disregard that these films originated during that time. After the First World War museums and universities st arted using ethnological films in their anthropological teachings. Commercial producers such as Paul Fejos trained anthropologists on how to use filming tools during their researches. They also collaborated with institutions and museums to produce high quality movies (Beate 67). Robert J Flaherty produced and shown his film â€Å"Nanook of the North’ in 1920. The film consisted of documentaries and stage crafts. He intended to naturalistically to portray people who lived in the arctic regions. He did not have any anthropology background but the subjects in his movie interacted with him well. People saw his pictures portray the unknown Eskimo way of life real. This made him the godfather of ethnological films together with his previous films he had recorded. Later in Gregory and Mead released their film ‘Hunter’. It documented the complex rituals that take place in New Guinea. This became the most viewed ethnographic films in different American institutions. Othe r ethnographic films that followed: Napoleon Chagnon, The story of a Kung Woman and The Feast. Marcel, Dieterlen and Rouch flourished production of ethnographic films in France. Discovery of 16mm cameras and light tape-recorders led to evolution of Visual anthropology. Then followed enhancement of filming techniques in visual anthropology by Rouch. Then Robert and Karl introduced editing and filming as a serious research technique. Then ‘Dead Birds’, a film produced later combined all these enhancements during its filming and production. In 1970’s, Judith and MacDougall started to produce ethnographic films with subtitles. Later different production techniques such as reflex ion and experimental montages become introduced in filming of ethnographic films by Minh-Ha. These summarize a brief history of how ethnographic films evolved in the world. There have been conflicts between the filmmakers and the archaeologist. Archaeologists argue that the ethnological films they produce do not satisfy the required criteria. Lack of scientific knowledge among the filmmakers contributes to this problem. They further argue that the filmmakers only primarily concerned with meeting documentary film conventions. This makes them not to meet the convention of ethnological films. These conventions require their images and sound tracks to be anthropological in nature. The film makers depend on verbal or written words to make their films anthropological. This again makes them fail to meet the conve

Strategic Management of SABMiller brewery Case Study

Strategic Management of SABMiller brewery - Case Study Example It is also present in markets like USA and Europe. These markets however are matured markets and do not offer much growth opportunities for SABMiller. It has a diversified brand portfolio which includes brands like Castle, Miller Lite, Miller Genuine Draft, Snow, Peroni Nastro Azzuro and Pilsner Urquel. In this report we will analyze the strategic positioning of SABMiller in different markets. We will analyze the positioning in various markets with respect to the core competencies of SABMiller and will also analyze the acquisitions and compromise in its strategy that it had to undertake to meet the stakeholder's expectations. Corporate Strategy refers to the general direction of business that a firm is following. It is the philosophy which guides a firm's growth and actions. It answers the questions of how the firm needs to operate, the values it should follow and which core competencies should be developed by the firm to fuel further growth. (David, 1989).It is the sum total of the goals that a company has, the objectives it needs to achieve and the plan for achieving these objectives. (R, 2008). South African markets have been the traditional strength and monopoly of SABMiller. (SABMiller, 2009).Lately the market has been moving towards maturity which limits the number of new customers that the company can acquire. However the company is making the customers move towards premium brands which will increase the profitability of the firm .HIV/AIDS is a huge threat to SABMiller in South Africa as it not only limits the availability if work force but it also reduces the disposable income available with the people which will have a direct impact on the sales generated by the company.. Africa(exclusing South Africa) Apart from South Africa , the rest of African continent is a growing market and presents huge opportunity for the company.The company has a good distribution network in these countries along

Ethnographic film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnographic film - Essay Example There has no actual date that states the origin of this film. The initial instances of these films were the footages that projectionists and film makers took during their travels. They took footages of distant cultures in the places they visited. Colonizers also used them to educate the countries they colonized during their travels. They viewed them later during the journey or after returning home. Some argue that they begum in 1895 when Lumiere shown his film named ‘Arrival of Train’. During that time, the travelling agents also shown their clips during their travel. However, the anthropologist disagrees that this inspired the production of ethnographic films. They claim that the people who acted this film did not have acting experience and non-western. The cultures of this people had no exposure to the modern world and lived in the non-urban area. These factors disregard that these films originated during that time. After the First World War museums and universities st arted using ethnological films in their anthropological teachings. Commercial producers such as Paul Fejos trained anthropologists on how to use filming tools during their researches. They also collaborated with institutions and museums to produce high quality movies (Beate 67). Robert J Flaherty produced and shown his film â€Å"Nanook of the North’ in 1920. The film consisted of documentaries and stage crafts. He intended to naturalistically to portray people who lived in the arctic regions. He did not have any anthropology background but the subjects in his movie interacted with him well. People saw his pictures portray the unknown Eskimo way of life real. This made him the godfather of ethnological films together with his previous films he had recorded. Later in Gregory and Mead released their film ‘Hunter’. It documented the complex rituals that take place in New Guinea. This became the most viewed ethnographic films in different American institutions. Othe r ethnographic films that followed: Napoleon Chagnon, The story of a Kung Woman and The Feast. Marcel, Dieterlen and Rouch flourished production of ethnographic films in France. Discovery of 16mm cameras and light tape-recorders led to evolution of Visual anthropology. Then followed enhancement of filming techniques in visual anthropology by Rouch. Then Robert and Karl introduced editing and filming as a serious research technique. Then ‘Dead Birds’, a film produced later combined all these enhancements during its filming and production. In 1970’s, Judith and MacDougall started to produce ethnographic films with subtitles. Later different production techniques such as reflex ion and experimental montages become introduced in filming of ethnographic films by Minh-Ha. These summarize a brief history of how ethnographic films evolved in the world. There have been conflicts between the filmmakers and the archaeologist. Archaeologists argue that the ethnological films they produce do not satisfy the required criteria. Lack of scientific knowledge among the filmmakers contributes to this problem. They further argue that the filmmakers only primarily concerned with meeting documentary film conventions. This makes them not to meet the convention of ethnological films. These conventions require their images and sound tracks to be anthropological in nature. The film makers depend on verbal or written words to make their films anthropological. This again makes them fail to meet the conve