Explain the rationale behind antibody usage in common laboratory Essay

Explain the rationale behind antibody usage in common laboratory assays such as ELISA, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, - Essay Example Many clinical laboratory tests incorporate antibodies because of their unique feature in identifying and singling out among very much interrelated antigens (Estridge & Reynolds 2011). Any test concerning an antibody-antigen reaction is referred to as a serological test (Kudesia 2006, p. 197). These tests make use of the reality that a good number of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic illnesses bring forth accomplished antibody rejoinders. Therefore, identification of antibodies to infection agents in patients’ samples helps in the discovery of infections such as influenza, HIV, hepatitis, and rubella (Estridge & Reynolds 2011). ... Immunological tests make use of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies of one class with specificity to only one epitope are called monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies are derived from a single cell line hence the name monoclonal. They are manufactured in the laboratories, making up the key reagents in most commercially available immunodiagnostic supplies. Polyclonal antibodies, on the other hand, are assortments of antibodies generated by many cell lines. These commercially available antibodies make use of a cloning process during their manufacture. The advantage of cloning antibodies is that it results in higher specificity in the antibodies. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies can be produced from living organisms and cell cultures in the laboratory (Buchwalow & Bocker 2010). Scientists use mice, rats, and rabbits to clone antibodies. Antibody cloning is the production of antibodies from both living and non-living sources. The first step of monoclonal antibody p roduction in rats involves injecting the rat with an antigen that elicits an immune response by production of antibody-forming cells. These antibody forming cells (B-cells) are isolated from the organism. The B-cells then fuse with tissue cultured tumor cells to form hybridomas (Buchwalow & Bocker 2010). The hybridomas then undergo screening for antibody production after which they are cloned into many hybridomas. The final step is the isolation of monoclonal antibodies from the hybridomas. Experience shows that monoclonal antibodies from rabbits exhibit more specificity than antibodies from rats and mice (Buchwalow & Bocker 2010). Measurement of immune responses following an

People Classification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

People Classification - Essay Example Over the years that I served in the army, I have learnt that a single soldier may shine out as the star of the play, but the true success of the Unit always is a consequence of the team that works together. It not only includes the other comrades, but all those people who remain behind the scenes, in a supportive role. This has made me realize, that one should never qualify success on the face of how things seem. The tip of the iceberg can never truly explain what the entire emblem stands for. Nothing is skin deep, not even skin itself! There is a lot more struggle and undertaking that goes into achieving a task that is otherwise visible. And I feel that it is in making all this effort that the secret of life lies. Success is not attained by achieving something, but by treading the path. For instance, in war, the victorious army has seemingly successful soldiers celebrating what they have achieved. But what about their friends who died in the struggle, to make sure their comrades wou ld achieve the same? The answer is very simple; they are in effect more successful than those who survived, because they believed in something so much, that they were willing to give away their lives for the cause. And that is the true measure of success. The fact is, that when one defines a path for oneself, then merely walking that path is an assurance of success.   Rationalistically, nobody can achieve everything. Further, the natural shortfalls in our lives, including financial, physical and emotional emergencies.